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Ambrosius Lolong – Universität Innsbruck

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The Holiness of the Church in the midst of Violence in the Church

An Ecclesiological Study of Raymund Schwager's Views from Dramatic Theology

The view of salvation in the Catholic Church has never been separated from the role of the Church. The Church received a mandate from Jesus Christ through Peter and his successors. Similarly, the Church plays a role in realizing the Kingdom of God in the world, and while leading to its perfection at the end of time. Lumen Gentium art 1 explains that the Church in Christ is like a sacrament, a sign and means of intimate union with God and the unity of all humankind. Not only that, but today's circumstances call for the Church to fulfill her task more closely thanks to various social, technical, and cultural relationships, attaining full unity in Christ.

In the current social situation of ecclesial life, we can find several cases of violence against some parties in the ecclesial community. These cases of violence can happen to children, women, or weaker groups. Indeed, these cases of violence in the Church have their own cultural context and focus of handling. For example, Churches in Europe pay attention to cases of sexual violence against children. Similarly, in Indonesia, various acts of violence in the Church have received attention and a committee has been formed to prevent and overcome them. These cases of violence occur within the Church community and are of concern to the Universal Church. Of course, this goes against the very nature of the Church, which is that it is a sign of salvation for humanity by fulfilling its concrete task of attaining the fullness of life in Christ. Therefore, this situation encourages reflection in the church on the holiness of the Church, the role of the church in proclaiming the kingdom of God,and efforts to overcome this situation.
 
In the book Jesus in the Drama of Salvation, Raymund Schwager explains that the process of creating a new community through Jesus Christ was fraught with conflict and opposition. Jesus began his preaching by presenting the face of God as a merciful Father, even as a love that surpasses human understanding. This image of the Father gives a new character to the relationship between humans and God. In this proclamation, however, Jesus experienced conflict and rejection that led to death. He showed the character of the merciful Father by not repaying his opponents with evil and granting them forgiveness. This attitude of Jesus becomes a purification that allows people to be freed from the tendency to act violently. Thus, in Schwager's thinking, the process of the church's presence as a new community formed by Jesus is not actually free from situations of conflict and violence. Likewise, the church, as God's people, has always struggled with these situations in its development. However, Jesus' attitude in dealing with conflict and violence is a fundamental inspiration for dealing with conflict today, especially in the church. In his reflections, Schwager offers inspiring ideas for church life today to reflect on, overcome, and reduce violence based on the attitude and proclamation of Jesus Christ.

Research Questions

From the perspective of Raymund Schwager's dramatic theology:
  1. How can we understand the idea of the holiness of the Church as the people of God?
  2. How can violence occur in the Church as the people of God, and how can it be minimized?
  3. How does the church react in the face of violence that occurs within herself and in society?

Research Method

Literature Review and Analysis: The writer will provide a comprehensive review and analysis of primary and secondary sources. Primary sources will include Raymund Schwager's theological works, focusing on his writings on ecclesiology, sin, soteriology and the Holy Spirit. Secondary sources will include other theological and academic writings on the church and violence.

Literature

Primary source
Schwager, Raymund. Beiträge zur Schöpfungslehre, Erbsündenlehre und zur Pneumatologie. Freiburg i.Br.: Herder. 2018
Schwager, Raymund. Banished from Eden. Leominster: Gracewing. 2006.
Schwager, Raymund. Jesus in the Drama of Salvation. New York: A Herder and Herder Book. 1999.
Schwager, Raymund. Jesus of Nazareth: How He Understood His Life. New York: Crossroad Pub. Co, 1998.
Schwager, Raymund. Must there be Scapegoats. Leominster: Gracewing. 2000.
 
Secondary source
Cowdell, Scott, Chris Fleming, Joel Hodge, and Mathias Moosbrugger, ed. Rene Girard and Raymund Schwager Correspondence 1974-1991. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. 2016.
Cowdell, Scott, Chris Fleming, Joel Hodge. Violence, Desire and the Sacred: Girard’s Mimetic Theory Across the Disciplines. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. 2016.
Girard, Rene. The Scapegoat. Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1986.
Girard, Rene. Violence and the Sacred. Maryland: The Johns Hopskins University Press. 1979.
Kirwan, Michael and Sheelah T. Hidden. Ed. Mimesis and Atonement: Rene Girard and the Doctrine of Salvation. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. 2017.
Zizioulas, John D. Being as Communion. New York: St. Vladimir Seminary Press. 1985.
 

Supervisor

Assoz.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Nikolaus Wandinger
Department of Systematic Theology

Doctoral Candidate

Ambrosius Lolong

Ambrosius.Lolong(at)student.uibk.ac.at

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